The dunder method __new__ is used to customise object creation and is a core stepping stone in understanding metaprogramming in Python.
This article shows how you can create a case-insensitive string class using some basic meta programming with the dunder method __new__.
Descriptors are not black magic and this article will show you that. In fact, you use descriptors every day and you don't even know it.
How do you implement a case-insensitive (or caseless) dictionary? In this article we explore solutions where we inherit from the built-in dict, the abstract base class MutableMapping from the standard module collections.abc, and the UserDict in the standard module collections.
