This short article shows how to chunk iterables into pieces of a fixed length.

If you need to chunk a list or another iterable into groups of n items, you can do that with the built-in zip:

>>> def chunk(iterable, chunk_size):
...     return list(zip(*[iter(iterable)] * chunk_size))
...
>>> chunk(range(10), 5)
[(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, 8, 9)]

You can also add a third argument to process each chunk after it is created:

>>> chunk("Hello, world", 3)
[('H', 'e', 'l'), ('l', 'o', ','), (' ', 'w', 'o'), ('r', 'l', 'd')]

# Redefine `chunk`:
>>> def chunk(iterable, chunk_size, on_chunk=None):
...     on_chunk = on_chunk or (lambda x: x)
...     return [on_chunk(chunk) for chunk in zip(*[iter(iterable)] * chunk_size)]
...
>>> chunk("Hello, world", 3, "".join)
['Hel', 'lo,', ' wo', 'rld']

The code above has a limitation, though: it ignores the last elements if the chunk size doesn't divide evenly into the length of the iterable. Sometimes this is ok... Sometimes, it is not.

If you use itertools.zip_longest, you get the opposite behaviour:

>>> chunk(range(8), 5)
[(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)]  # where are 5, 6, and 7??

>>> from itertools import zip_longest
>>> def chunk_longest(iterable, chunk_size):
...     return list(zip_longest(*[iter(iterable)] * chunk_size))
...

>>> chunk_longest(range(8), 5)
[(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), (5, 6, 7, None, None)]

By using zip_longest, you get padding with the value None. You could also customise this padding.

Finally, if you want your chunks to always have the same size, you can use strict=True in zip! This will make your chunk function error if the chunk size doesn't divide evenly! However, this only works in Python 3.10+ because that is when zip(..., strict=True) was added.

>>> def chunk_strict(iterable, chunk_size):
...     return list(zip(*[iter(iterable)] * chunk_size, strict=True))
...

# 2 divides into 6
>>> chunk_strict(range(6), 2)
[(0, 1), (2, 3), (4, 5)]

# 5 does NOT divide into 8
>>> chunk_strict(range(8), 5)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in chunk_strict
ValueError: zip() argument 4 is shorter than arguments 1-3

Become a better Python 🐍 developer 🚀

+35 chapters. +400 pages. Hundreds of examples. Over 30,000 readers!

My book “Pydon'ts” teaches you how to write elegant, expressive, and Pythonic code, to help you become a better developer. >>> Download it here 🐍🚀.